Section B
Game of Throne Rock Version Cover by Kfir Ochaion - Introduction
The "Game of Thrones" theme is one of the most recognizable TV scores ever written, and Kfir Ochaion’s rock cover gives it a powerful new energy. Kfir is an Israeli guitarist known for turning vocal melodies into expressive guitar lines. His version takes the original orchestral arrangement and transforms it into a full rock instrumental, complete with soaring leads and heavy rhythms. The cover stays true to the epic feel of the original while adding guitar-driven intensity.
Kfir Ochaion started playing guitar at age 10, inspired by classic rock legends. His YouTube channel, launched in 2014, has grown to over 2.2 million subscribers thanks to his unique style. He doesn’t just play the notes—he makes the guitar "sing" like a human voice. This "Game of Thrones" cover is a great example of his approach, where every bend and vibrato mimics the drama of the original melody. His version keeps the song’s grand scale but makes it fit perfectly for electric guitar.
Game of Throne Rock Version Cover by Kfir Ochaion Guitar Lesson
Taught by Mike Walker, this lesson breaks down Kfir Ochaion’s rock arrangement of the "Game of Thrones" theme. The song is in E minor, and the main melody follows the original tune closely but with added rock techniques. The opening riff uses sustained notes with wide vibrato to copy the horn section from the TV version. The left hand must control each note’s pitch carefully to keep the melody sounding smooth and powerful.
The rhythm parts use palm-muted power chords to build tension in the verses. The pre-chorus switches to open chords with ringing arpeggios, creating contrast before the heavy riff returns. Kfir’s version includes a guitar solo section that wasn’t in the original. This solo uses the E harmonic minor scale for a dramatic, cinematic sound. Fast alternate picking runs and controlled bends make this part challenging but rewarding to learn.
For the main theme, Kfir uses slides and legato to connect notes fluidly. The phrasing is key, with pauses in the right places. The chorus brings big power chords and double stops to thicken the sound. Dynamic control is crucial here, as the part shifts between loud, aggressive strums and softer, cleaner passages.
Beginners should start by learning the melody slowly, focusing on note accuracy before adding vibrato. Intermediate players can work on the solo’s faster licks and the precise muting needed for the rhythm parts. Advanced guitarists should study how Kfir blends techniques—hybrid picking, bends, and harmonics—to make the guitar sound almost orchestral.
FAQs
Q. What effects does Kfir use in this cover?
A medium-gain overdrive, delay for atmosphere, and reverb to create space.
Q. Is this song good for beginners?
The melody is playable at slower speeds, but the solo and dynamic control require intermediate skills.
Q. How do I practice the fast alternate picking parts?
Use a metronome starting at half speed. Increase tempo only when you can play cleanly.
Game of Throne Rock Version Cover by Kfir Ochaion - Introduction
The "Game of Thrones" theme is one of the most recognizable TV scores ever written, and Kfir Ochaion’s rock cover gives it a powerful new energy. Kfir is an Israeli guitarist known for turning vocal melodies into expressive guitar lines. His version takes the original orchestral arrangement and transforms it into a full rock instrumental, complete with soaring leads and heavy rhythms. The cover stays true to the epic feel of the original while adding guitar-driven intensity.
Kfir Ochaion started playing guitar at age 10, inspired by classic rock legends. His YouTube channel, launched in 2014, has grown to over 2.2 million subscribers thanks to his unique style. He doesn’t just play the notes—he makes the guitar "sing" like a human voice. This "Game of Thrones" cover is a great example of his approach, where every bend and vibrato mimics the drama of the original melody. His version keeps the song’s grand scale but makes it fit perfectly for electric guitar.
Game of Throne Rock Version Cover by Kfir Ochaion Guitar Lesson
Taught by Mike Walker, this lesson breaks down Kfir Ochaion’s rock arrangement of the "Game of Thrones" theme. The song is in E minor, and the main melody follows the original tune closely but with added rock techniques. The opening riff uses sustained notes with wide vibrato to copy the horn section from the TV version. The left hand must control each note’s pitch carefully to keep the melody sounding smooth and powerful.
The rhythm parts use palm-muted power chords to build tension in the verses. The pre-chorus switches to open chords with ringing arpeggios, creating contrast before the heavy riff returns. Kfir’s version includes a guitar solo section that wasn’t in the original. This solo uses the E harmonic minor scale for a dramatic, cinematic sound. Fast alternate picking runs and controlled bends make this part challenging but rewarding to learn.
For the main theme, Kfir uses slides and legato to connect notes fluidly. The phrasing is key, with pauses in the right places. The chorus brings big power chords and double stops to thicken the sound. Dynamic control is crucial here, as the part shifts between loud, aggressive strums and softer, cleaner passages.
Beginners should start by learning the melody slowly, focusing on note accuracy before adding vibrato. Intermediate players can work on the solo’s faster licks and the precise muting needed for the rhythm parts. Advanced guitarists should study how Kfir blends techniques—hybrid picking, bends, and harmonics—to make the guitar sound almost orchestral.
FAQs
Q. What effects does Kfir use in this cover?
A medium-gain overdrive, delay for atmosphere, and reverb to create space.
Q. Is this song good for beginners?
The melody is playable at slower speeds, but the solo and dynamic control require intermediate skills.
Q. How do I practice the fast alternate picking parts?
Use a metronome starting at half speed. Increase tempo only when you can play cleanly.
Explore More in English Songs
Introduction
Tune in to another detailed guitar lesson on the Torrins platform! The I Should Have Known Better guitar lesson is taught by our expert instructor Steve Luciano. He makes learning this popular Beatles song both fun and rewarding.
I Should Have Known Better, by The Beatles, was originally released on the soundtrack of A Hard Day's Night—the film of the same name.
This guitar tutorial covers chord progressions and rhythm in detail. Steve also breaks down the advanced rhythm of this song for those who wish to level up their guitar playing.
Fun Fact:
In A Hard Day’s Night, "I Should Have Known Better" is performed in a train’s brake coach—but the scene was actually filmed inside a stationary van, with crew members rocking it to simulate motion!
Chords & Key
Steve Luciano demonstrates how to play this song in the key of G major, using only seven chords. Some of the key chords in this song are G, C, Em, and D7. Tune in to the full guitar tutorial to learn the remaining chords and master the song with us.
Chords Used in I Should Have Known Better Guitar Lesson
Verse & Chorus Chords: This song primarily includes open chords.
Strumming & Rhythm
Basic Rhythm Pattern: DDDUD (4 beats)
- The strumming pattern follows a 4-beat rhythm, making it beginner-friendly
- Steve Luciano demonstrates how to navigate chord transitions, including the shift from two chords per measure in the intro and beginning of the verse to one chord per measure throughout the rest of the song.
Right-Hand & Left-Hand Technique
- Since the rhythm remains consistent throughout, the right hand moves constantly, focusing on steady strumming.
- The left-hand placement changes, and Luciano shares great tips on finger positioning and switching, ensuring smooth playing.
Song Structure
This song follows the usual verse-chorus format.
Use the provided tabs to follow the chord progressions as Luciano guides you through the song structure.
Advanced Rhythm Techniques
Once you've learned the basic chords and developed good control over your left hand, you can move on to a more complex rhythm pattern.
Anticipated Rhythm:
- Luciano introduces a technique where chords or notes are played slightly before the expected beat to create a sense of forward motion and groove.
- This anticipation technique adds energy, syncopation, and a more natural feel to the rhythm, making your playing sound more dynamic.
Why Learn I Should Have Known Better Song?
Learning this Beatles classic will help you build core guitar skills in a fun and engaging way.
Whether you're a beginner or looking to brush up on technique, this track offers plenty of learning opportunities.
This guitar lesson focuses on:
- Learning various chords
- Understanding rhythm variations & dynamics
- Improving strumming and finger placement
FAQs – I Should Have Known Better Guitar Lesson
Q1: Do I need a capo?
No, a capo is not required. However, you can try experimenting with different voicings to see what matches your vocal range.
Q2: Are there any barre chords in this song?
No, Steve Luciano teaches this song using open chords only.
Q3: How can I make the rhythm more dynamic?
Playing chords slightly ahead of the beat creates a more dynamic feel. This anticipation technique is covered in detail in the guitar lesson.
Introduction:
Torrins brings you another electrifying guitar lesson "Crystal Mountain by Death", taught by none other than Bobby Koelble, one of the original guitarists on the track. This lesson breaks down the intricate riffs, solos, and powerful progressions that make this song a metal masterpiece.
Fun Fact: Crystal Mountain was inspired by Chuck Schuldiner’s real-life experiences with his not-so-friendly next-door neighbour. Their unpleasant interactions fueled the aggression and emotion behind this legendary track!
Tuning & Gear
- Tuning: Standard tuning down a whole step.
- Use the provided tabs for a more comprehensive learning experience.
Song Breakdown
This lesson is structured into multiple sections to make learning seamless:
- Introduction
- Intro Riff
- Verse
- Chorus
- Bridge
- Solo-Tapping Section
- Main Solo
- Acoustic Solo
- Song Demo (Chuck’s Part)
- Song Demo (Bobby’s Part)
- Full Song Demo (Combining All Parts)
Chords & Riffs in Crystal Mountain
Intro Riff
- The first 8 bars feature power chords like E, Bb, and F, with vibrato. Tune in to the lesson to learn the rest of the chords.
- The second half of the intro is harmonised down a perfect 5th.
- Scale: E Harmonic Minor.
Verse
- The Am chord is played with a variation in arpeggio.
- Includes F power chords and some single notes, along with other chords.
- Heavy distortion is used to achieve that signature Death sound.
Chorus
- Chorus features single notes and an active midsection involving the open 5th string.
- Chuck Schuldiner added an intricate melody over the chorus section. Bobby walks you through this in detail.
Bridge
- It begins with power chords in the rhythm track.
- It is layered with harmonised single-note phrases on top
Solo Sections
Tapping Solo
- This solo features harmonised tapping licks at the 12th fret.
Main Solo
- Chuck’s solo—short but iconic.
- It is in the key of G# minor.
- Uses triplets and expressive vibrato.
Acoustic Solo
- An acoustic solo is a rare touch in a Death song! Bobby demonstrates 4 simple acoustic licks to round off the song.
Final Song Demo
After breaking down every section, Bobby dedicates three lessons to the song demo:
- Chuck’s part
- His own part
- The full song, combining all elements
Why Learn Crystal Mountain?
- Learning this song will help you master intricate picking techniques.
- It will also help you understand harmonised riffs and solos.
- It will expand your knowledge of scales and metal phrasing.
FAQs – Crystal Mountain Guitar Lesson
Q1. Is this lesson suitable for beginners?
A: This lesson is best suited for intermediate to advanced players because of its complex chords and solos.
Q2. What is the most challenging part of the song?
A: The solo-tapping section and harmonised melodies require precise technique and practice.
Q3. Can I play this without tuning down?
A: Yes, you can, but tuning down a whole step helps achieve the authentic Death sound.
Introduction
Torrins brings you another heartfelt country classic—Always on My Mind by Willie Nelson, taught by Mike Dugan. This in-depth lesson covers everything from basic chords to advanced rhythm techniques, making it accessible for both beginners and advanced players.
Fun Fact: Always on My Mind was the Billboard number one country album of the year in 1982. It remained on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart for an astonishing 253 weeks, holding the number one spot for 22 weeks. It even spent 99 weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at number two for three weeks!
Chords Used in Always on My Mind
Beginner Chords:
- D, A, Bm, etc (alternative chords provided for those struggling with barre chords)
- Bm/G# and other slash chords (simplified option available)
- Basic downstrumming technique
Advanced Chords:
- Walk-down from Bm barre chord to G, creating a smooth transition
- Em, A, D, and motion chord movement from Em to F#, along with other chord voicings
- Includes A/C# to add depth to the song
Rhythm & Strumming Pattern
Beginner Rhythm:
- Simple downstrumming throughout the song for easy playability
Advanced Rhythm:
- More dynamic strumming pattern: DUDDUD with variations in the upstrokes
- Incorporates subdivisions and expressive chord transitions to match the song’s emotional tone
Song Structure
This song follows a classic country ballad structure:
- Intro
- Verse 1 & 2
- Bridge – Separate versions for beginners and advanced players
- Solo Verse – Melody-driven section
- Bridge Repeat
Solo Section
- Uses the D major scale for advanced players
- Simple yet effective solo incorporating D and Bm/A chords, to name a few
- Captures the melody of the song to create an emotional instrumental moment
Improvisation Techniques
For those wanting to add their own flavour, Mike shares techniques to elevate their playing:
- Walk-down motions to create smoother transitions
- Letting open strings ring for a fuller sound
- Subtle rhythmic variations to match Willie Nelson’s expressive phrasing
Why Learn Always on My Mind?
This lesson is a great way to enhance your expressiveness as a guitarist. Whether you’re learning the basic chords or mastering the advanced transitions, Mike ensures that every player walks away with valuable skills.
FAQs – Always on My Mind Guitar Lesson
Q1. Is this song beginner-friendly?
Ans: It’s better suited for intermediate and advanced players, but Mike breaks it down for beginners as well.
Q2. What if I struggle with barre chords?
Ans: Alternative chord shapes are provided for Bm and Bm/G# to make it easier.
Q3. How can I improve my strumming on this song?
Ans: Beginners should start with downstrumming, while advanced players can incorporate upstroke variations and subdivisions for a more dynamic feel.
Q4. Does this lesson include a solo?
Ans: Yes! The solo is based on the D major scale and includes a simple yet effective melody.
Introduction:
Torrins brings you another heartfelt guitar song lesson I Will Be Here by Steven Curtis Chapman, taught by J.J. Pattishall. This lesson focuses on fingerpicking, chord transitions, and rhythm techniques, making it a great song to develop both your picking accuracy and emotional expression.
Interesting Fact: This song carries deep personal meaning. Chapman wrote it as a promise to his wife during a difficult time when his parents were going through a divorce. It became one of his most beloved songs, offering reassurance and commitment through its lyrics and melody.
Chords & Song Structure
This lesson breaks the song into easy-to-follow sections: Intro & Verse, Chorus, Bridge, Song Demo, Rhythm, and Sing & Play.
Capo is on the 1st fret
Key used is D (relative to capo), actual tuning is Eb
Chords Used:
- Intro & Verse: Dsus2, A7sus4, Bm (a barre chord), Em7, and others
- Chorus: Bm/A, A/G, D/F#, and more
- Bridge: Includes a diminished chord and a piano/instrumental section
J.J. shares some alternatives for the difficult chords such as barre chords.
The chords are arpeggiated, giving the song its signature flow. J.J. carefully explains finger placement and picking techniques to help you achieve the song’s delicate feel.
Fingerpicking & Rhythm Patterns
This song features a beautiful fingerpicking pattern. J.J. breaks it down in detail, ensuring that even beginners can grasp the technique.
For those who find fingerpicking challenging, he also introduces two basic rhythm patterns as an alternative:
- DDUDDUDDUD – A straightforward strumming pattern
- DDUUDDDUUD – Adds syncopation for a more dynamic feel
Verse, Chorus & Bridge Breakdown
- Intro & Verse: J.J. carefully walks through the arpeggiated chords and explains how to maintain a steady rhythm. He also shares a technique to create a flowing fingerpicking style.
- Chorus: The transitions between chords like Bm/A, F#, A/G, and D/F# are broken down step by step. He highlights turnarounds, ensuring smooth movement between sections.
- Bridge: Features a diminished chord, adding tension and resolution to the song. J.J. also explains the piano and instrumental section.
Sing & Play – Coordinating Vocals & Guitar
This lesson doesn’t just teach you how to play the guitar part—it also helps you combine playing with singing. J.J. explains:
- How to sync your strumming or fingerpicking with the lyrics
- Phrasing techniques to match the melody with chord changes
- How to make the song your own while staying true to its essence
Final Song Demo & Play-Along
To bring everything together, J.J. performs the song with a backing track, reinforcing all the techniques covered in the lesson. This play-along section lets you practice along and refine your timing and transitions.
Why Learn I Will Be Here?
- Develops fingerpicking skills – great for improving coordination and technique
- Enhances chord transitions – teaches smooth movement between complex shapes
FAQs – I Will Be Here Guitar Lesson
Q1: Is this lesson beginner-friendly?
Yes! While the fingerpicking and chord shapes may seem tricky at first, J.J. provides simplified alternatives and a step-by-step breakdown.
Q2: Can I strum instead of fingerpick?
Absolutely. J.J. introduces two strumming patterns for those who prefer a rhythmic approach.
Q3: Do I need a capo?
Yes, place the capo on the 1st fret to match the song’s key.
Similar Rock Songs
Introduction:
Torrins brings you another country sing-and-play lesson "You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere", recorded by The Byrds and originally written by Bob Dylan. Taught by Mike Dugan, this lesson makes it easy for anyone to learn, whether you’re just starting out or looking to refine your rhythm and strumming technique.
Fun Fact: Bob Dylan wrote You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere in 1967 during his self-imposed exile following a motorcycle accident. The Byrds later popularized the song with their signature country-rock sound.
Chords & Song Structure
This song is played in the key of G and follows a simple country chord progression, making it a very easy song to learn and play for players of all skill levels.
Chords Used - G, Am, and others. Mike walks through the finger placements and transitions, ensuring you get a smooth chord change.
The lesson also covers chord distribution across measures, making it easy to follow along and learn.
Strumming Pattern & Rhythm
The song has two strumming approaches:
- Beginner-Friendly Strumming – Simple downstrums that keep the rhythm steady and easy to sing along with.
- Advanced Strumming – For players looking to add more depth, Mike introduces a DDUDD pattern, explaining where to add accents for a more dynamic sound.
The lesson also includes tips on rhythm timing to attain the song’s natural flow.
Sing & Play
One of the biggest challenges for many players is singing while playing. Mike breaks down the coordination between vocals and guitar, showing:
- Which words align with downstrums
- Where to pause or hold a chord
- How to gradually add complexity to your strumming without losing the vocal flow
If you want to be the life of the party, this lesson will help you sing and play smoothly, even if you’ve never done it before. So, get your guitar ready and start strumming along to this timeless country classic today.
Final Playthrough – Bringing It All Together
Mike plays through the entire song twice—once with the beginner strumming pattern and then with the advanced version. The song has a retarded (slowed-down) ending, which he explains in the end.
He also advises starting with simple strumming, building confidence, and then progressing to advanced strumming techniques.
Why Learn You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere?
Perfect for beginners – The song has easy chords, simple structure, and a laid-back strumming pattern.
Great for sing-alongs – It will help you learn how to balance vocals and guitar.
Ideal for country and folk lovers – The song has a classic country rhythm and storytelling approach to the lyrics.
FAQs – You Ain’t Goin’ Nowhere Guitar Lesson
Q1: Is this lesson beginner-friendly?
Yes! This lesson is one of the easiest sing-and-play songs to learn on Torrins.com.
Q2: What if I struggle with advanced strumming?
Stick with the basic downstrums first. Once you're comfortable, move on to the DDUDD pattern with accents.
Introduction
Learn the famous “I Shot the Sheriff” on Torrins, led by our expert instructor Steve Luciano, who has decades of experience playing and teaching guitar. “I Shot the Sheriff” is originally a reggae song written by Bob Marley and released in 1973 with his band, The Wailers. However, you'll be playing Eric Clapton’s version of this song with Steve on Torrins.com. Eric recorded his cover in 1974 for his album 461 Ocean Boulevard. His performance of the song adds soft rock to the reggae sound, giving it a unique feel.
The difficulty level of this guitar lesson ranges from beginner to intermediate and breaks down the chords, rhythm, structure, and strumming pattern in a simple yet engaging way! So, tune in and unfold the magic of this hit cover!
Steve Luciano teaches the I Shot The Sheriff Song guitar lesson using 4 movable chords: Gm, Cm, Eb, and Dm. No capo is needed!
Chords Used in I Shot the Sheriff Guitar Lesson
This song is played using movable chords, which are common in reggae music.
Chords used: Gm, Cm, Eb, Dm
Steve teaches essential finger positioning and movement techniques to help make chord transitions smoother. He also demonstrates how to lighten finger pressure to achieve the signature reggae "deadening" effect on the strings.
Strumming Pattern
Pattern: D-U-D-U
- Like other reggae songs, this one emphasizes playing on the downbeat but feeling the upbeat to capture its groove.
- It’s good if you practice the chords first before adding rhythm, as some transitions can be tricky.
Song Structure
This song follows a verse-chorus format:
- Verse: The beginning of the song primarily uses Gm and Cm chords.
- Chorus: Introduces the Eb chord, which can be challenging for some players. Steve demonstrates easier ways to play Eb, particularly for those with larger fingers.
- The chorus chord progression repeats five times.
- At the end of the chorus, there's a signature single-note tag based on the Gm pentatonic scale. This lick is played each time the chorus ends.
Improvisation Techniques
- The song features a signature lick at the end of the chorus, based on the Gm pentatonic scale. Steve breaks down how to play the notes smoothly to maintain the song’s groove.
Why Learn I Shot the Sheriff on Guitar?
- Learning this song can help you master movable chord shapes commonly used in reggae.
- It will also help you improve reggae-style strumming and chord muting techniques.
- Additionally, it provides insight into lead guitar phrasing with the signature pentatonic lick.
Tips for Playing the Song Smoothly
- Practice chord transitions first before adding strumming.
- Loosen your grip to achieve the proper reggae deadening effect.
- Feel the upbeat while strumming for an authentic reggae sound.
FAQs – I Shot the Sheriff Guitar Lesson
Q1. Is this song beginner-friendly?
A: It’s suitable for intermediate players, as it uses movable chords, which may be challenging for beginners.
Q2. What if I struggle with the Eb chord?
A: Steve demonstrates easier alternatives for players who find it difficult, especially those with larger fingers.
Fun Fact: “I Shot the Sheriff” was originally a spiritual metaphor for birth control, though Bob Marley never revealed which lyrics were true. Eric Clapton’s 1974 cover became a massive hit, introducing Marley’s music to rock audiences worldwide. While Marley was happy with the cover, he was frustrated that the song was widely misinterpreted as an anthem against injustice and corruption rather than its original meaning.
Songs with Similar Difficulty
Introduction:
Learn to play Elmore James' version of "It Hurts Me Too" with this detailed guitar lesson on Torrins.com taught by our instructor Mike Dugan. This classic 8-bar blues song features soulful melodies, a walking bassline, and the Delta blues technique, making it a must-learn for blues enthusiasts. This lesson includes chords, rhythm techniques, solo breakdowns, and a full song demo, with tabs and lyrics provided for a complete learning experience.
Fun Fact:
"It Hurts Me Too" is one of the most interpreted blues songs ever! Originally recorded by Tampa Red in 1940, Elmore James' recorded it once in 1957 and then in 1962. His 1962 version became a hit, staying on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart for eight weeks and even making its way to Billboard’s Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart two years after his passing.
Chords & Rhythm in "It Hurts Me Too"
- Key: D
- Chords Used: D7, A7, and others. Tune into the lesson to learn the rest of the chords used.
- Rhythm Pattern: DUDDUDDUDDUD (He also teaches an alternative positioning for a different feel.
- For advanced players, a Chuck Berry-style rhythm is introduced to add a more dynamic groove.
- The Delta blues technique is broken down in detail, ensuring you capture the authentic blues sound.
Sing & Play Section
- The lesson covers how to match vocals with chord changes and maintain steady downbeat strumming.
- The punchline of each verse remains the same, making it easier to follow along while singing.
Solo Breakdown
- The solo begins in the D major blues scale, bringing a bright and melodic sound.
- After a few measures, it shifts into D minor pentatonic, adding emotional depth and contrast.
- Mike Dugan explains this major-to-minor blues transition, a technique that gives the song its signature feel.
Song Demo
- In this final section, Mike plays the full song with a backing track, bringing together all elements learned in the lesson. Follow along with him to learn the intricacies of this song perfectly.
Why Learn "It Hurts Me Too"?
This lesson is a great way to improve blues phrasing, rhythm control, and soloing techniques. Whether you're a beginner looking to learn essential blues progressions or an advanced player eager to refine your Delta blues technique, this song is an excellent addition to your repertoire.
FAQs – "It Hurts Me Too" Guitar Lesson
Q1. Is this lesson beginner-friendly?
Yes! The song uses simple chords, and the lesson breaks everything down step by step, making it accessible for all skill levels.
Q2. Can I play the song without singing?
Absolutely! The lesson teaches the instrumental parts separately, so you can focus on mastering the guitar before adding vocals.
Q3. How do I improve my blues soloing?
This lesson introduces a major-to-minor blues shift, a great technique for creating emotional and expressive solos. Practice this transition to add more depth to your playing. Moreover, you can also check out our in-depth Blues Guitar lessons to improve your skills.
